The example shows a method of formation of a menu with options on an LCD in 4-bit mode. Setting of bit 1 on port F means go to the next option, whereas setting of bit 0 on port F means go to the previous option. The rate of transition to the next/previous option is limited so the maximum of 4 transitions per second is allowed.
{ This project is designed to work with PIC P30F6014A. It has been tested on dsPICPRO3 development system with 10.0 MHz crystal and 8xPLL. It should work with any other crystal. Note: the maximum operating frequency for dsPIC is 120MHz. With minor adjustments, this example should work with any other dsPIC MCU } program MenuTest1; var menu_index : byte; menu : array[1..5] of String[6]; absolute $1880; // Directive absolute specifies // the starting address in RAM for a variable. begin ADPCFG := $FFFF; // Configure PORTB as digital TRISF := $FFFF; // Configure PORTF as input (menu control) menu_index := 1; // Init menu_item[1] menu[1] := 'First' ; // Menu items menu[2] := 'Second'; menu[3] := 'Third' ; menu[4] := 'Fourth'; menu[5] := 'Fifth' ; Lcd_Init_DsPicPro3(); // Init LCD in 4-bit mode for dsPICPRO3 board // Note: GLCD/LCD Setup routines are in the setup library files located in the Uses folder // These routines will be moved into AutoComplete in the future. Lcd_Cmd(LCD_CURSOR_OFF); Lcd_Cmd(LCD_FIRST_ROW); Lcd_Out(1,1,'Menu :'); Lcd_Out(1,8,menu[menu_index]); // Show menu element on LCD while true do // endless loop begin if PORTF.1 = 1 then // Detect logical one on RF1 pin => MENU UP begin menu_index := menu_index+1; // Next index in menu if menu_index>5 then menu_index := 1; // Circular menu Lcd_Out(1,8, ' '); // Clear text Lcd_Out(1,8,menu[menu_index]); // Show menu element on LCD Delay_ms(250); // No more than 4 changes per sec end; if PORTF.0 = 1 then // Detect logical one on RF0 pin => MENU DOWN begin menu_index := menu_index-1; // Previous index in menu if menu_index<1 then menu_index := 5; // Circular menu Lcd_Out(1,8, ' '); // Clear text Lcd_Out(1,8,menu[menu_index]); // Show menu element on LCD Delay_ms(250); // No more than 4 changes per sec end; end; end.
{ This project is designed to work with PIC P30F6014A. It has been tested on dsPICPRO3 board with 10.0 MHz crystal and 8xPLL. It should work with any other crystal. Note: the maximum operating frequency for dsPIC is 120MHz. With minor adjustments, this example should work with any other dsPIC MCU On-board DAC module Enable SPI connection to DAC on SW4 and DAC's Load(LD) and Chip Select(CS) pins on SW3. } program DTMFout; // *** Filter Designer Tool outputs *** // const BUFFER_SIZE = 8; FILTER_ORDER = 3; COEFF_B : array[FILTER_ORDER+1] of Integer=(0x21F3, 0x65DA, 0x65DA, 0x21F3); COEFF_A : array[FILTER_ORDER+1] of Integer=(0x2000, 0xB06D, 0x47EC, 0xE8B6); SCALE_B = 6; SCALE_A = -2; // *** DAC pinout *** // const LOAD_PIN = 2; // DAC load pin const CS_PIN = 1; // DAC CS pin var THalf_Low, THalf_High : word; // half-periods of low and high-frequency // square signals char2send : byte; // char recived from UART sample, sending_ch_cnt : word; // digital signal sample, sending char counter us_cntL, us_cntH : word; // low and high-frequency square // signal microseconds counters input : array[BUFFER_SIZE] of integer; // filter input signal (two square signals) output : array[BUFFER_SIZE] of integer; // filtered signal sample_index : word; // index of current sample voltageL, voltageH : integer; // square signals amplitudes procedure InitMain(); begin LATC.CS_PIN := 1; // set DAC CS to inactive LATC.LOAD_PIN := 0; // set DAC LOAD to inactive TRISC.LOAD_PIN := 0; // configure DAC LOAD pin as output TRISC.CS_PIN := 0; // configure DAC CS pin as output // Initialize SPI2 module Spi2_Init_Advanced(_SPI_MASTER, _SPI_16_BIT, _SPI_PRESCALE_SEC_1, _SPI_PRESCALE_PRI_1, _SPI_SS_DISABLE, _SPI_DATA_SAMPLE_MIDDLE, _SPI_CLK_IDLE_HIGH, _SPI_ACTIVE_2_IDLE); Uart1_Init(9600); // Initialize UART1 module end; procedure DAC_Output(valueDAC : word) ; begin LATC.CS_PIN := 0; // CS enable for DAC // filter output range is 16-bit number; DAC input range is 12-bit number valueDAC := valueDAC shr 4; // now both numbers are 12-bit but filter output is signed and DAC input is unsigned. // Half of DAC range 4096/2=2048 is added to correct this valueDAC := valueDAC + 2048; SPI2BUF := 0x3000 or valueDAC; // write valueDAC to DAC (0x3 is required by DAC) while (SPI2STAT.1 = 1) do // wait for SPI module to finish sending nop; LATC.CS_PIN := 1; // CS disable for DAC end; procedure SetPeriods(ch:Word); begin { DTMF frequencies: 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz 697 Hz 1 2 3 A 770 Hz 4 5 6 B 852 Hz 7 8 9 C 941 Hz * 0 # D } // Calculate half-periods in microseconds // example: 1/697Hz = 0.001435 seconds = 1435 microseconds // 1435/2 = 717 case ch of 49: begin THalf_Low:=717; THalf_High:=414; end; //'1' 50: begin THalf_Low:=717; THalf_High:=374; end; //'2' 51: begin THalf_Low:=717; THalf_High:=339; end; //'3' 65: begin THalf_Low:=717; THalf_High:=306; end; //'A' 52: begin THalf_Low:=649; THalf_High:=414; end; //'4' 53: begin THalf_Low:=649; THalf_High:=374; end; //'5' 54: begin THalf_Low:=649; THalf_High:=339; end; //'6' 66: begin THalf_Low:=649; THalf_High:=306; end; //'B' 55: begin THalf_Low:=587; THalf_High:=414; end; //'7' 56: begin THalf_Low:=587; THalf_High:=374; end; //'8' 57: begin THalf_Low:=587; THalf_High:=339; end; //'9' 67: begin THalf_Low:=587; THalf_High:=306; end; //'C' 42: begin THalf_Low:=531; THalf_High:=414; end; //'*' 48: begin THalf_Low:=531; THalf_High:=374; end; //'0' 35: begin THalf_Low:=531; THalf_High:=339; end; //'#' 68: begin THalf_Low:=531; THalf_High:=306; end; //'D' end; end; procedure ClearBufs(); begin //Clear buffers Vector_Set(input, BUFFER_SIZE, 0); Vector_Set(output, BUFFER_SIZE, 0); end; procedure Timer1Int; org $1A; // interrupt frequency is 20kHz begin // calculate sample sample := voltageL + voltageH; // add voltages input[sample_index] := sample; // write sample to input buffer // update low-frequency square signal microseconds counter us_cntL := us_cntL + 50; // since us_cntL and THalf_Low are in microseconds // and Timer1 interrupt occures every 50us // increment us_cntL by 50 if us_cntL > THalf_Low then // half-period exceeded, change sign begin voltageL := -voltageL; us_cntL := us_cntL - THalf_Low;// subtract half-period end; // update high-frequency square signal microseconds counter us_cntH := us_cntH + 50; if us_cntH > THalf_High then begin voltageH := -voltageH; us_cntH := us_cntH - THalf_High; end; //IIR(amp), filtering new sample sample := IIR_Radix(SCALE_B, SCALE_A, @COEFF_B, @COEFF_A, FILTER_ORDER+1, @input, BUFFER_SIZE, @output, sample_index); DAC_Output(sample); // send sample to digital-to-analog converter output[sample_index] := sample; // write filtered sample in output buffer Inc(sample_index); // increment sample index, prepare for next sample if sample_index = BUFFER_SIZE then sample_index := 0; Dec(sending_ch_cnt); // decrement char sending counter // (character transmition lasts 90ms = 1800 samples) if sending_ch_cnt = 0 then // if character transmition is over begin T1CON:=0; // turn off Timer1 DAC_Output(0); Delay_ms(200); // pause between two characters is 200ms end; IFS0.3 := 0; // clear Timer1 interrupt flag end; // --- main --- // begin InitMain(); // perform initializations DAC_Output(0); sending_ch_cnt := 0; // reset counter sample_index := 0; // initialize sample index // Clear interrupt flags IFS0 := 0; IFS1 := 0; IFS2 := 0; INTCON1 := $8000; // disable nested interrupts IEC0 := $0008; // enable Timer1 interrupt // Timer1 input clock is Fosc/4. Sampling frequency is 20kHz. Timer should // raise interrupt every 50 microseconds. PR1 = (Fosc[Hz]/4) / 20000Hz = Fosc[kHz]/(4*20) PR1 := Clock_kHz() div 80; // Note: interrupt routine execution takes ~10us while true do begin if (sending_ch_cnt = 0) and // check if sending of previous character is over (Uart1_Data_Ready() = 1) then // check if character arrived via UART1 begin char2send := Uart1_Read_Char(); // read data from UART and store it SetPeriods(char2send); // set periods for low and high-frequency // square signals ClearBufs(); // clear input and output buffers // digital filter computing error is smaller for signals of higher amplitudes // so signal amplitude should as high as possible. The highest value for // signed integer type is 0x7FFF but since we are adding 2 signals we must // divide it by 2. voltageH := $7FFF div 2; // high-frequency square signal amplitude voltageL := $7FFF div 2; // low-frequency square signal amplitude us_cntL := 0; // low-frequency square signal microseconds counter us_cntH := 0; // high-frequency square signal microseconds counter // start Timer T1 sending_ch_cnt := 1800; // character tansmition lasts // 90ms = 1800 samples * 50us T1CON := $8000; // enable Timer1 (TimerOn, prescaler 1:1) end; end; end.
{ This project is designed to work with PIC P30F6014A. It has been tested on dsPICPRO3 board with 10.0 MHz crystal and 8xPLL. It should work with any other crystal. Note: the maximum operating frequency for dsPIC is 120MHz. With minor adjustments, this example should work with any other dsPIC MCU } program DTMFin; // *** DAC pinout *** // const LOAD_PIN = 2; // DAC load pin const CS_PIN = 1; // DAC CS pin const // filter setup: // filter kind: IIR // filter type: lowpass filter // filter order: 4 // design method: Chebyshev type II BUFFER_SIZE = 8; FILTER_ORDER = 4; BPF1_COEFF_B : array[FILTER_ORDER+1] of Integer=(0x1BD7, 0xAB5D, 0x753A, 0xAB5D, 0x1BD7); BPF1_COEFF_A : array[FILTER_ORDER+1] of Integer=(0x2000, 0xA1C7, 0x6C59, 0xC6EA, 0x0BDE); BPF1_SCALE_B = 0; BPF1_SCALE_A = -2; // filter setup: // filter kind: IIR // filter type: Highpass filter // filter order: 4 // design method: Chebyshev type II BPF2_COEFF_B : array[FILTER_ORDER+1] of Integer=(0x0BF7, 0xD133, 0x45AF, 0xD133, 0x0BF7); BPF2_COEFF_A : array[FILTER_ORDER+1] of Integer=(0x1000, 0xCA8B, 0x44B5, 0xD7E5, 0x08F3); BPF2_SCALE_B = -3; BPF2_SCALE_A = -3; MinLevel : integer = 18; // min voltage offset level on ADC // that can be detected as DTMF var SignalActive : Boolean; // indicator (if input signal exists) sample : Integer; // temp variable used for reading from ADC Key : Char; // detected character f:longint; // detected frequency SampleCounter : word; // indicates the number of samples in circular buffer sample_index : word; // index of next sample input : array[8] of Integer; // circular buffer - raw samples (directly after ADC) output_f1 : array[8] of Integer; // circular buffer - samples after IIR BP filter output_f2 : array[8] of Integer; // circular buffer - samples after IIR BP filter TransitLow, TransitHigh:Word; // counts of transitions (low, high freq) sgnLow, sgnHigh:Integer; // current signs of low and high freq signal KeyCnt : integer; // number of recived DTFM and displayed on LCD procedure Estimate; var fd:Word; begin { DTMF frequencies: 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz 697 Hz 1 2 3 A 770 Hz 4 5 6 B 852 Hz 7 8 9 C 941 Hz * 0 # D } //calculating index of lower freq f := TransitLow*20000; // f := No_Of_Transitions*Sampling_Freq [Hz] f := f shr 11; // f := f div 2048 := f/2/1024 (2 transitions in each period) if f < 733 then fd:=1 //index of Low_freq = 1 else if f < 811 then fd:=2 //index of Low_freq = 2 else if f < 896 then fd:=3 //index of Low_freq = 3 else fd:=4; //index of Low_freq = 4 //calculating index of higher freq f:=TransitHigh*20000; // f := No_Of_Transitions*Sampling_Freq f:=f shr 11; // f := f/2048 := f/2/1024 (2 transitions in each period) if f<1272 then fd:=fd+10 // encode Index of higher freq as 10 else if f<1406 then fd:=fd+20 // encode Index of higher freq as 20 else if f<1555 then fd:=fd+30 // encode Index of higher freq as 30 else fd:=fd+40; // encode Index of higher freq as 40 case fd of // Reading of input char from DTMF matrix 11: Key:='1'; 12: Key:='4'; 13: Key:='7'; 14: Key:='*'; 21: Key:='2'; 22: Key:='5'; 23: Key:='8'; 24: Key:='0'; 31: Key:='3'; 32: Key:='6'; 33: Key:='9'; 34: Key:='#'; 41: Key:='A'; 42: Key:='B'; 43: Key:='C'; 44: Key:='D'; end; // diplay recived char on second row of LCD if(KeyCnt >= 16) then begin // if second row is full erase it and postion cursor at first column Lcd_Cmd(LCD_SECOND_ROW); Lcd_Out_CP(' '); Lcd_Cmd(LCD_SECOND_ROW); KeyCnt := 0; // reset recived DTFM signals counter end; Lcd_Chr_CP(Key); // output recived on LCD inc(KeyCnt); // increment counter end; procedure DAC_Output(valueDAC : word) ; begin LATC.CS_PIN := 0; // CS enable for DAC // filter output range is 16-bit number; DAC input range is 12-bit number valueDAC := valueDAC shr 4; // now both numbers are 12-bit but filter output is signed and DAC input is unsigned. // Half of DAC range 4096/2=2048 is added to correct this valueDAC := valueDAC + 2048; SPI2BUF := 0x3000 or valueDAC; // write valueDAC to DAC (0x3 is required by DAC) while (SPI2STAT.1 = 1) do // wait for SPI module to finish sending nop; LATC.CS_PIN := 1; // CS disable for DAC end; procedure InitDec(); begin // Estimate on 1024 samples for fast DIV SampleCounter := 1024; // Init low-freq transitions counter TransitLow := 0; // Init high-freq transitions counter TransitHigh := 0; // Init input circular buffer (zero-filled) Vector_Set(input, 8, 0); // Init filtered circular buffer (zero-filled) Vector_Set(output_f1, 8, 0); // Init filtered circular buffer (zero-filled) Vector_Set(output_f2, 8, 0); // Points on first element of circular buffer sample_index := 0; // Current sign is positive sgnLow:=0; // Current sign is positive sgnHigh:=0; DAC_Output(0); end; procedure ADC1Int; org $2A; begin sample := ADCBUF0; // read input ADC signal if (sample > 2048+MinLevel) and not(SignalActive) then // detecting signal begin SignalActive := true; // activate estimation algorithm InitDec(); // initialize variables end; // since ADC is configured to get samples as intgers // mean value of input signal is expected to be located at // middle of ADC voltage range sample := sample shl 4; sample := sample-(2048 shl 4); //expanding signal to full scale // now sample is ready to be filtred if SignalActive then begin input[sample_index] := sample; // Write sample in circular buffer //Filter input signal (for low-freq estimation) sample := IIR_Radix(BPF1_SCALE_B, BPF1_SCALE_A, @BPF1_COEFF_B, @BPF1_COEFF_A, FILTER_ORDER+1, @input, BUFFER_SIZE, @output_f1, sample_index); DAC_Output(sample); // output filtred signal to DAC for Visual check output_f1[sample_index]:=sample; //transition_Low? if sample.15<>sgnLow then // If transition trough 0 begin sgnLow:=sample.15; // save current sign Inc(TransitLow); // Increment transition counter end; //Filter input signal (for high-freq estimation) sample := IIR_Radix(BPF2_SCALE_B, BPF2_SCALE_A, @BPF2_COEFF_B, @BPF2_COEFF_A, FILTER_ORDER+1, @input, BUFFER_SIZE, @output_f2, sample_index); output_f2[sample_index]:=sample; // Write filtered signal in buffer //transition_High? if sample.15<>sgnHigh then // If transition begin sgnHigh:=sample.15; Inc(TransitHigh); // Increment transition counter end; sample_index:=(sample_index+1) and 7; // Move pointer on next element dec(SampleCounter); // Decrement sample counter if SampleCounter = 0 then // If all of 1024 samples are readed begin SignalActive:=false; // Deactivate estimation algorithm Estimate(); // Read estimated character DAC_Output(0); // set DAC output to 0 Delay_ms(80); // Wait for next char end; end; IFS0.11 := 0; // clear ADC complete IF end; procedure Timer1Int; org $1A; begin ADCON1.1 := 1; // ASAM=0 and SAMP=1 begin sampling ADCON1.15 := 1; // start ADC IFS0.3 := 0; // clear Timer1 IF end; begin KeyCnt := 0; // set to 0 SignalActive := false; // no signal is present ADPCFG := $FFFF; // configure pins as digital Lcd_Init_DsPicPro3(); // initialize LCD Lcd_Out(1,1,'tone is:'); // print message at first row Lcd_Cmd(LCD_SECOND_ROW); // position cursor at second row LATC.CS_PIN := 1; // set DAC CS to inactive LATC.LOAD_PIN := 0; // set DAC LOAD to inactive TRISC.LOAD_PIN := 0; // configure DAC LOAD pin as output TRISC.CS_PIN := 0; // configure DAC CS pin as output // Initialize SPI2 module Spi2_Init_Advanced(_SPI_MASTER, _SPI_16_BIT, _SPI_PRESCALE_SEC_1, _SPI_PRESCALE_PRI_1, _SPI_SS_DISABLE, _SPI_DATA_SAMPLE_MIDDLE, _SPI_CLK_IDLE_HIGH, _SPI_ACTIVE_2_IDLE); TRISB.10 := 1; // configure RB10 pin as input ADPCFG := $FBFF; // configure RB10 pin as analog ADCON1 := $00E0; // auto-convert, auto-conversion ADCON2 := $0000; ADCON3 := $021A; // sampling time=2*Tad, minimum Tad selected ADCHS := $000A; // sample input on RB10 ADCSSL := 0; // no input scan // clear interrupt flags IFS0 := 0; IFS1 := 0; IFS2 := 0; INTCON1 := $8000; // disable nested interrupts INTCON2 := 0; IEC0 := $0808; // enable Timer1 and ADC interrupts IPC0.12 := 1; // Timer1 interrupt priority level = 1 IPC2.13 := 1; // ADC interrupt priority level = 2 // Timer1 input clock is Fosc/4. Sampling frequency is 20kHz. Timer should // raise interrupt every 50 microseconds. PR1 = (Fosc[Hz]/4) / 20000Hz = Fosc[kHz]/(4*20) PR1 := Clock_kHz() div 80; T1CON := $8000; // Enable Timer1 while true do // Infinite loop nop; end.
{ An example of the use of the microcontroller dsPIC30F6014A and Accel Extra Board. The example shows how the signal from the sensor is sampled and how the information on the accelerations along the X and Y axes are used for controlling the cursor on a GLCD. The example also covers the calibration of the sensor (determination of zeroG and 1G values for X and Y axes). Pin RC1 is used as user input. Pull-down PORTC and put button jumper in Vcc position. } program AccelerationPointer; // --- GLCD Messages --- const msg1 = 'Put board to pos '; const msg2 = 'and press RC1'; var // Global variables zeroG_x, zeroG_y : integer; // zero gravity values oneG_x, oneG_y : integer; // 1G values meas_x, meas_y : integer; // measured values box_x, box_y : integer; // variables for drawing box on GLCD positionNo : byte; // variable used in text messages text : String[20]; // variable used for text messages procedure Init(); begin ADPCFG := $FCFF; // configure AN8(RB8) and AN9(RB9) as analog pins TRISB.8 := 1; // configure RB8 and RB9 as input pins TRISB.9 := 1; Glcd_Init_DsPicPro3(); // init GLCD for dsPICPRO3 board // Note: GLCD/LCD Setup routines are in the setup library files located in the Uses folder // These routines will be moved into AutoComplete in the future. Glcd_Fill(0); // clear GLCD TRISC := $02; // pin PORTC.1 is input for calibration positionNo := 1; // variable used in text messages end; procedure DoMeasureXY(); begin meas_x := Adc_Read(8); // measure X axis acceleration meas_y := Adc_Read(9); // measure Y axis acceleration end; procedure DrawPointerBox(); var x_real, y_real : real; begin x_real := (meas_x-zeroG_x)/(oneG_x-zeroG_x); // scale [-1G..1G] to [-1..1] x_real := x_real * 64; // scale [-1..1] to [-64..64] x_real := x_real + 64; // scale [-64..64] to [0..128] y_real := (meas_y-zeroG_y)/(oneG_y-zeroG_y); // scale [-1G..1G] to [-1..1] y_real := y_real * 32; // scale [-1..1] to [-32..32] y_real := y_real + 32; // scale [-32..32] to [0..64] // convert reals to integers box_x := x_real; box_y := y_real; // force x and y to range [0..124] and [0..60] because of Glcd_Box parameters range if (box_x>124) then box_x:=124; if (box_x<0) then box_x:=0; if (box_y>60) then box_y:=60; if (box_y<0) then box_y:=0; Glcd_Box(box_x, box_y, box_x+3, box_y+3, 2); // draw box pointer, color=2(invert ecah dot) end; procedure ErasePointerBox(); begin Glcd_Box(box_x, box_y, box_x+3, box_y+3, 2); // draw inverted box at the same position // (erase box) end; // --- Calibration procedure determines zeroG and 1G values for X and Y axes ---// procedure DoCalibrate(); begin // 1) Put the Accel board in the position 1 : PARALLEL TO EARTH'S SURFACE // to measure Zero Gravity values for X and Y text := msg1; text[17] := positionNo + 48; Glcd_Write_Text(text,5,1,1); Inc(positionNo); text := msg2; Glcd_Write_Text(text,5,20,1); while (PORTC.1 = 0) do // wait for user to press RC1 button nop; DoMeasureXY(); zeroG_x := meas_x; // save Zero Gravity values zeroG_y := meas_y; Delay_ms(1000); // 2) Put the Accel board in the position 2 : X AXIS IS VERTICAL, WITH X LABEL UP // to measure the 1G X value text := msg1; text[17] := positionNo + 48; Glcd_Write_Text(text,5,1,1); Inc(positionNo); text := msg2; Glcd_Write_Text(text,5,20,1); while (PORTC.1 = 0) do // wait for user to press RC1 button nop; DoMeasureXY(); oneG_x := meas_x; // save X axis 1G value Delay_ms(1000); // 3) Put the Accel board in the position 3 : Y AXIS IS VERTICAL, WITH Y LABEL UP // to measure the 1G Y value text := msg1; text[17] := positionNo + 48; Glcd_Write_Text(text,5,1,1); Inc(positionNo); text := msg2; Glcd_Write_Text(text,5,20,1); while (PORTC.1 = 0) do // wait for user to press RC1 button nop; DoMeasureXY(); oneG_y := meas_y; // save Y axis 1G value Delay_ms(1000); end; begin Init(); // initialization DoCalibrate(); // calibration Glcd_Fill(0); // clear GLCD Glcd_H_Line(0, 127, 32, 1); // draw X and Y axes Glcd_V_Line(0, 63, 64, 1); Glcd_Write_Char('X', 122, 3, 1); Glcd_Write_Char('Y', 66, 0, 1); while TRUE do // endless loop begin DoMeasureXY(); // measure X and Y values DrawPointerBox(); // draw box on GLCD Delay_ms(250); // pause ErasePointerBox(); // erase box end; end.